一、粉煤灰的特性與輸送挑戰

1、 Characteristics and transportation challenges of fly ash

物料特性分析

Material characteristic analysis

粒度分布：粉煤灰顆粒粒徑通常在 1 - 100 微米之間，其中 80% 以上為細顆粒，具有良好的流動性。

Particle size distribution: The particle size of fly ash is usually between 1-100 microns, of which more than 80% are fine particles with good flowability.

密度與容重：干灰堆積密度約為 600 - 800 kg/m3，真密度約為 2200 - 2400 kg/m3，屬于輕質粉體。

Density and bulk density: The dry ash has a bulk density of about 600-800 kg/m 3 and a true density of about 2200-2400 kg/m 3, making it a lightweight powder.

濕度敏感性：遇水易結塊，濕度超過 10% 時流動性顯著下降，可能引發管道堵塞。

Humidity sensitivity: It is prone to clumping when in contact with water, and its fluidity significantly decreases when the humidity exceeds 10%, which may cause pipeline blockage.

傳統輸送方式的局限性

Limitations of traditional transportation methods

機械輸送（如螺旋輸送機）存在能耗高、磨損嚴重、揚塵污染等問題；皮帶輸送則受地形限制，且易造成物料分層。

Mechanical conveyors (such as screw conveyors) have problems such as high energy consumption, severe wear and tear, and dust pollution; Belt conveyor is limited by terrain and can easily cause material layering.

二、氣力輸送系統的適配性設計

2、 Adaptive design of pneumatic conveying system

系統選型策略

System selection strategy

正壓稀相輸送：適用于中短距離（≤300m）、大流量（>10t/h）輸送，通過高速氣流（15 - 30m/s）使粉煤灰懸浮輸送。

Positive pressure dilute phase conveying: suitable for medium to short distance (≤ 300m) and high flow (>10t/h) conveying, using high-speed airflow (15-30m/s) to suspend and transport fly ash.

正壓密相輸送：適合長距離（≥500m）、低能耗需求，通過較低氣流速度（5 - 10m/s）和較高壓力實現栓塞狀輸送。

Positive pressure dense phase conveying: suitable for long-distance (≥ 500m) and low-energy consumption requirements, achieving plug like conveying through lower airflow velocity (5-10m/s) and higher pressure.

關鍵參數優化

Key parameter optimization

管道直徑：根據輸送量和物料特性計算，通常選擇 100 - 300mm 管徑，確保氣固比在 15 - 30 范圍內。

Pipeline diameter: Calculated based on the conveying capacity and material characteristics, a diameter of 100-300mm is usually selected to ensure a gas-solid ratio within the range of 15-30.

氣源配置：采用螺桿式空壓機或羅茨風機，提供 0.4 - 0.8MPa 的穩定氣源。

Gas source configuration: using screw air compressor or Roots blower, providing a stable gas source of 0.4-0.8MPa.

防堵設計：在彎頭處設置耐磨襯板，采用變徑管道設計減少物料沉積風險。

Anti blocking design: Wear resistant lining plate is installed at the elbow, and variable diameter pipeline design is adopted to reduce the risk of material deposition.

三、氣力輸送系統的技術優勢

3、 Technical advantages of pneumatic conveying system

環保性能卓越

Excellent environmental performance

全密閉輸送有效控制粉塵排放，符合《大氣污染防治行動計劃》要求，與傳統輸送方式相比，粉塵排放量降低 90% 以上。

Fully enclosed conveying effectively controls dust emissions and meets the requirements of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control. Compared with traditional conveying methods, dust emissions are reduced by more than 90%.

智能化控制

intelligent control

集成 PLC 控制系統，實現輸送過程的實時監控與故障預警。某電廠應用案例顯示，系統可根據灰倉料位自動調節輸送頻率，降低人工干預成本。

Integrate PLC control system to achieve real-time monitoring and fault warning of the conveying process. A power plant application case shows that the system can automatically adjust the conveying frequency based on the ash bin level, reducing the cost of manual intervention.

資源化利用支持

Resource utilization support

通過精確控制輸送參數，保持粉煤灰活性，為后續制備混凝土摻合料、陶粒等產品提供質量保障。

By precisely controlling the conveying parameters and maintaining the activity of fly ash, quality assurance is provided for the subsequent preparation of concrete admixtures, ceramic particles, and other products.

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